SUMMARY ON Demarcations of science from pseudoscience

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SUMMARY ON THE DEMARCATION PROBLEM.

Demarcations of science from pseudoscience can be made for both theoretical and practical reasons. From the theoretical point of view, demarcation provides as a kind of contribution; an enlightenment to the philosophy of science, while from the practical point of view, it guides decision making. The demarcation issue is therefore important in many practical applications such as
·         Healthcare: here it helps in giving an apt medication to health problems
·         Expert testimony: it equally help in giving a just judgemeng in the court of law
·         Environment policies: it helps in determining a scientifically proved environmental hazards
·         Science education: it protect the students from unreliable and disproved teachings
Pseudoscience is “A pretended or spurious science; a collection of related beliefs about the world mistakenly regarded as being based on scientific method or as having the status that scientific truths now have.”
In science there is both good science and bad science. Good science is that which follows the due process and comes to a logical conclusion, while bad science is that which followed the process but contains an error that affects its conclusion. Pseudo science is a deviant doctrine altogether.
Fraud is not pseudoscience because the fraudulent scientist is anxious that her results be in conformity with the predictions of established scientific theories, and is not associated with a deviant doctrine.
Science is of two sense,individuated( branches of science), unindividuated (science as a whole).
Popper described the demarcation problem as the “key to most of the fundamental problems in the philosophy of science” he proposed as a criterion that the theory be falsifiable, or more precisely that “statements or systems of statements, in order to be ranked as scientific, must be capable of conflicting with possible, or conceivable observations”. His view was criticized by some philosophers, some presented their own view, like Thomas Kuhn, Imre Lakatos, Paul Thagard, Daniel Rothbart, George Reisch
All there views are geared towards providind a demarcation between science and pseudoscience.

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