The Universal Basic Education in Nigeria

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The Universal Basic Education (UBE) Programme is a nine (9) year basic educational programme, which was launched and executed by the government and people of the Federal Republic of Nigeria to eradicate illiteracy, ignorance and poverty as well as stimulate and accelerate national development, political consciousness and national integration. Former President Olusegun Obasanjo flagged off UBE on 30 th September 1999 in Sokoto , Sokoto State. The UBE Programme is Nigeria's strategy for the achievement of Education for All (EFA) and the education-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).[1]
The implementation process of the programme has been on since 1999 , but progress was hampered by lack of an enabling law to execute certain aspects of the programme. the UBE Bill was signed by the president into law on 26 th May 2004 following its passage by the National Assembly . The UBE Act 2004 makes provision for basic education comprising of ECCE, Primary and Junior Secondary Education. The financing of basic education is the responsibility of States and Local Governments. However, the Federal Government has decided to intervene in the provision of basic education with 2% of its Consolidated Revenue Fund. For states to fully benefit from this Fund, criteria were established which states are to comply. The Act also provides for the establishment of the Universal Basic Education Commission (UBEC) to co-ordinate the implementation of the programme at the states and local government through the State Universal Basic Education Board (SUBEB) of each state and the Local Government Education Authorities (LGEAs) . The Universal Basic Education Commission (UBEC) was formally established on 7 th October 2004 .[2]
Problems Of Universal Basic Education

·         Problem of Inadequate Funding of Education: enough funds are not allocated to the program, this leads to very poor management of the program. It is evidently seen in the non-payment of teachers’ salaries and allowances; the lack of necessary teaching and learning materials at all levels of the educational system; poor working conditions of all teachers in the country, among other indices.
·         Schools are not equipped with the basic things needed. This include the school libraries, laboratories, structures etc.
·         Teacher Qualification and Motivation: along with other researchers have observed and discovered that primary and secondary school teachers in Nigeria are not only dissatisfied with teaching profession but also have poor job attitudes. The morale amongst teachers is low due to the basic conditions of service such as the work environment, discrimination and low, yet irregular salaries.
·         Indiscipline: this includes examination malpractices, bribery and corruption, lateness, and lackof commitment to duty and school.
·         Non-availability of funds for the Nigerian Education Research and Development Council (NERDC) to review education on a regular basis
·         Inability to respond to the need of the immediate environment.
·         Financial mismanagement and lack of accountability by officials.[3]

[3]  https://www.academia.edu/5042679/UNIVERSAL_BASIC_EDUCATION_IN_NIGERIA_ITS_PROBLEMS_AND_PROSPECTS


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